Art and Water III: The One Who Brought Water to the Tap

A journey through the infrastructures and technologies that led to the water revolution and its reflection in the world of art.

Il·lustració del motor compost McIntosh i Seymour, que mostra les seves complexes parts mecàniques, com ara una roda gran, pistons i bielles. Disseny industrial de finals del segle XIX o principis del XX.
Steam machine engraving (1883) per Robert Henry Thurston

Infrastructures and scientific and technological advances led to a revolution in the relationship between citizens and water in terms of well-being and health. New ways of capturing, pumping, channelling and treating water made this possible. Let’s see.

Well (extraction)

The development of new extraction techniques such as steam pumping and, later, electrical energy facilitated the capture of water from subsoil aquifers. This was a transformative element that marked a before and after in urban life.

Un gran grup dhomes vestits duniforme i de civil sasseuen en diverses files, posant per a una foto davant duna nau industrial alta i cilíndrica. El cel és clar i lentorn sembla ser a laire lliure.
Well, SGAB Central (Gener 1936)

Through this photograph we can clothe the history of Barcelona’s water supply with a human face. Jackets and plate caps characterized the uniforms of SGAB workers for many decades.

Generator

Thanks to modern generators such as this one, it was possible to convert the force of the steam produced in the boilers into electricity, necessary for pumping the water from the wells.

Una imatge en tons sèpia dun home gran assegut en una cadira, mirant una gran roda situada davant seu. Sembla pensatiu, amb la mà recolzada al volant. El fons és borrós i la fotografia té un marc vintage.
Self-Portrait with a Recent Invention (c. 1854) per William Constable

William Constable (1783-1861) shows himself in this daguerreotype, in which he presents his latest invention to regulate the force of steam. His peculiar position in profile, covering part of the machine, denotes a claim of pride as its creator.

Water Lift Pump

Lifting pumps were indispensable for pushing and distributing water throughout the network, especially to high points where it could not reach by itself with the force of gravity alone.

Una il·lustració dèpoca representa un motor de bombeig centrífug dins duna gran nau industrial. Les persones amb roba dèpoca observen la màquina, que està llançant aigua a laire. Les bigues arquejades suporten lestructura superior.
Water pump engraving (c. 1865)

In this period engraving you can see a pump feeding a fountain in an industrial exhibition, typical of the last half of the nineteenth century. In it, the pump is claimed as an innovation.

The taste for scientific and technological advances became a new form of leisure for the refined bourgeoisie.

Elevated tank (Torreó)

From elevated tanks such as the Torre de les Aigües de Dos Rius, in Tibidabo (Barcelona), the water descended by the force of gravity to the homes, thus guaranteeing the necessary pressure.

Una pintura vibrant representa el paisatge del Tibidabo, amb la torre de l'aigua al fons i l'atracció de l'avió a hèlix en un primer pla. Davant hi ha arbres i l'entrada al parc, mentre que el cel està ple de núvols dinàmics. La peça és rica en textura i color.
Tibidabo (2020) per Ernest Descals

The Torre de Dos Rius appears in the pictorial collection “Lugares de Barcelona” (2020) by Ernest Descals, where the artist reflects the most unique attractions of the city.

Tubes

To bring water to homes, it was necessary to build kilometers of network using resistant and durable materials. A large part of the history of Barcelona’s water takes place inside the “Bonna” pipes, like the one in the image, made of steel coated with reinforced concrete.

Una gran escultura circular vermella amb una decoració de papallona a la part superior es troba en un parc envoltat darbres. El cel està ennuvolat. Lescultura es troba en una zona pavimentada amb vegetació propera.
Papallona sculpture (1987) per Paulí Collado

The sculpture by Paulí Collado stands on the Josep Tarradellas square in Cornellà. A forged steel butterfly, the artist’s specialty technique, rests on a large water channeling pipe.

The Bonna tube was commemoratively deposited in the same place where the factory that gave it its name once stood, demolished in 1979. Thus, this large tube becomes both a work of art and a place of memory.

Quality Control

Quality control was decisive for the elimination of impurities that for centuries had transmitted diseases through water. Constant analysis of samples made it possible to weave a sanitized network, free of infectious agents.

Louis Pasteur examina un líquid clar en un matràs en un laboratori poc il·luminat ple de diverses ampolles de vidre, llibres i equip científic.
Louis Pasteur (1885) per Albert Edelfelt

Albert Edelfelt, with a style influenced by Impressionism, depicts Louis Pasteur in his laboratory on Rue Ulm (Paris). The scene evokes the greatness of Pasteur and scientific knowledge.

Thanks to advances in bioscience such as those of Pasteur, at the end of the nineteenth century the theory of miasmas as the origin of infectious epidemics was refuted and the focus was on microorganisms.

Maintenance

Complete toolboxes like this allowed the correct performance of the maintenance tasks of the machines and boilers. Daily maintenance has been key to the proper functioning of the network that brings water to our home.

Un home amb una camisa sense mànigues opera una maquinària, fent girar una gran roda amb una clau anglesa. Lentorn industrial inclou tubs i engranatges metàl·lics, cosa que suggereix un entorn de treball de fàbrica o mecànic. La imatge és en blanc i negre.
[Steamfitter, or Mechanic and Steam Pump] (negatiu 1921; imprimir més tard) per Lewis W. Hine The J. Paul Getty Museum

The American photographer Lewis W. Hine presents with this 1921 image a fusion between sociological photography and art. It is a photographic piece with a documentary intention about the industrial working class, but with an undeniable artistic intention.

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